For example, transfer of perceptual motor-skills learned within the virtual world to the real-world has been demonstrated, illustrating the effectiveness of VR as a training tool. To date, a small evidence base supports its use as a technology to enhance athletic performance. Virtual reality is defined as a computer-simulated environment that aims to induce a sense of being mentally and/or physically present in another place.
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Despite limited research, the application of virtual reality (VR) in professional sport is becoming increasingly common, largely due to it becoming more commercially available. virtual reality, 2D reality etc) to assess key cognitive attributes such as decision making in soccer are limited. However, despite cognitive characteristics of soccer players being considered of equal importance, evidence for application of technology (e.g. To improve these components (and therefore performance), information technology systems such as athlete tracking devices that include global positioning systems (GPS) have been utilised to permit greater understanding of the physical demands imposed on soccer players during training and match-play, ultimately enhancing training prescription. Soccer ‘performance’ is a multifactorial construct comprised of tactical, technical, cognitive and physical components. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials. There are no patents, products in development or marketed products associated with this research to declare. SB is affiliated with Playermaker, and received funding from them in the form of salary. However, he was not affiliated with that company during the work reported in this study, and the company played no role in the study. The specific roles of this author are articulated in the ‘author contributions’ section.Ĭompeting interests: BG is currently affiliated with a virtual reality company that work with professional soccer clubs. All data relating to the descriptive statistics and structural equation model are available through the link above.įunding: This work received funding in the form of salary for author SB from Playermaker. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.ĭata Availability: The majority of data has been available with the exception of some demographic data which has been removed to protect the identity of the respondents of the survey. Received: JAccepted: NovemPublished: December 30, 2021Ĭopyright: © 2021 Greenhough et al. PLoS ONE 16(12):Įditor: Greg Wood, Manchester Metropolitan University - Cheshire Campus, UNITED KINGDOM Virtual reality has the potential to be a valuable technology within professional soccer although several barriers exist that may prevent its widespread use.Ĭitation: Greenhough B, Barrett S, Towlson C, Abt G (2021) Perceptions of professional soccer coaches, support staff and players toward virtual reality and the factors that modify their intention to use it. In a sub-sample of coaches and support staff without access to virtual reality (n = 123), performance expectancy was the strongest construct in explaining behavioural intention to use virtual reality, followed by facilitating conditions (i.e., barriers) construct which had a negative association with behavioural intention. Generally, coaches and support staff agreed that monetary cost, coach buy-in and limited evidence base were barriers towards its use. All respondents generally agreed that virtual reality should be used to improve tactical awareness and cognition, with its use primarily in performance analysis and rehabilitation settings. Respondents represented coaches and support staff (n = 134) and players (n = 64). To model behavioural intention, modified questions and constructs from the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology were used, and the model was analysed through partial least squares structural equation modelling. This study surveyed the perceptions of coaches, support staff, and players in relation to their knowledge, expectations, influences and barriers of using virtual reality via an internet-based questionnaire. Therefore, the aim of the study was to compare and quantify the perceptions of virtual reality use in soccer, and to model behavioural intentions to use this technology. A small evidence base supports the use of virtual reality in professional soccer, yet there is a lack of information available on perceptions and desire to use the technology from those employed at professional soccer clubs.
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